bpc 157 nih Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the Peptide—Literature and Patent Review BPC-157 Oral vs Injection: Benefits,

"Reduced dorsal hippocampal glutamate release significantly correlates with the spatial memory deficits produced by benzodiazepines and ethanol"

Intranasal delivery extends the effective CNS half life because the peptide is transported directly along olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways into cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampal interstitial space, bypassing systemic circulation and hepatic metabolism

However, it doesn't address the underlying immune dysregulation

Continuing for 1-2 weeks after visible wound closure supports the ongoing remodeling phase where collagen continues maturing

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10.1074/jbc.M116.762567 J