They added GHK-Cu in concentrations of 10 M to 10 M and measured: Collagen synthesis (by radioactive proline incorporation) Non-collagen protein synthesis Cell proliferation What they found: Stimulation of collagen synthesis by 70 % at the optimal concentration of 10 M (1 nM) The effect was NOT dependent on increased proliferation, fibroblasts increased production per cell Background: GHK without copper had a dramatically weaker effect , Cu is critical Reversibility: After removing GHK-Cu, synthesis returned to baseline Why it matters: This is the fundamental mechanistic study that documented the effect of GHK-Cu on collagen
Chem Res Toxicol 16:295303 Coen M, Ruepp SU, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Pognan F, Lenz EM, Wilson ID (2004) Integrated application of transcriptomics and metabonomics yields new insight into the toxicity due to paracetamol in the mouse
Diet-related urine collections: assistance in categorization of hyperoxaluria
Since L-Carnitine, L-leucine, and creatine have been shown to promote muscle mass and strength [20, 26], we investigated the effect of the combination of these dietary supplements on muscle mass and strength in healthy older adults prone to sarcopenia
Fertility is multi-dimensional
Tirzepatide Dosing Direct answer: per FDA labeling, tirzepatide starts at 2.5 mg once weekly for 4 weeks (an initiation dose, not a therapeutic dose), then increases by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks as tolerated