Recent trials have shown: Up to 20% body weight reduction with weekly GLP-1 agonists (Wilding et al., NEJM) Improvements in HbA1c, fasting glucose, and cardiovascular outcomes (Marso et al., NEJM) This drug class is now widely used for: Obesity (with or without diabetes) Type 2 diabetes PCOS-related insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Common Side Effects and Patient Concerns Despite their benefits, GLP-1 agonists are not without risks or drawbacks
Cortisol, Stress, and Appetite Regulation One underappreciated hormonal interaction involves cortisol
Activation of GLP-1R reduced NTG-induced c-fos expression in the TNC In addition to CGRP, we also detected alterations in c-fos expression in the TNC, which is a reliable marker of neuronal activation and is considered another mediator of central sensitization
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Another class of medications, called dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, works similarly to GLP-1 receptor agonists
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