When copper ions are too reactive, they can cause oxidation of other ingredients or irritate skin
BPC-157 also interacts with the nitric-oxide system (eNOS/NO), which may underlie its vasodilatory and perfusion benefits during healing
In children, issues may include slow growth, developmental delays, and difficulty with movement
No Standardized Human Dosage: No FDA approval means no regulator-vetted human dosing standard exists, leaving human safety and efficacy data thin for orthopedic use
Glutathione synthetase deficiency
Glutathiones reduced form (GSH): Carries an extra electron (hydrogen) Donates hydrogen (electron) to inflammation-causing free radicals to neutralize their effect Glutathione peroxidase enzyme Requires selenium Converts two hydrogen peroxides into two water molecules Glutathiones oxidized form (GSSG): State of glutathione after losing its electron Forms a disulfide bridge between two glutathione molecules Glutathione reductase enzyme Glutathione can be recycled back to its reduced form using NADPH (reducing agent, electron donor)