GLP-1 exerts its effects through several key mechanisms: Glucose-dependent insulin secretion : GLP-1 stimulates pancreatic beta cells to release insulin, but only when blood glucose levels are elevated, reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia Glucagon suppression : It inhibits the release of glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells, thereby reducing hepatic glucose production Delayed gastric emptying : GLP-1 slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, leading to more gradual glucose absorption and increased satiety Appetite regulation : Acting on brain centres, GLP-1 promotes feelings of fullness and reduces food intake Prescription GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide) are synthetic analogues designed to mimic and enhance these natural effects
Irregular injection schedules can reduce effectiveness by 15% to 20%, so establishing a fixed weekly time produces better outcomes than variable scheduling
Extreme concentration may impede nebulization and efficient delivery of the drug
however, further well-powered studies are warranted
Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, headache, fatigue and changes in appetite
This suggests that an early, ghrelin-triggered anticipatory cascade might prospectively facilitate motivational adjustments
