According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, B12, or cobalamin, is an especially important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells, and it helps in the production of DNA and RNA, the bodys genetic material. B12 works with other B vitamins (namely B9) to produce red blood cells and help iron work its way through the body
It upregulates a protein called Actin, which forms the cytoskeleton (the structural framework) of cells
GHK-Cu has the broadest base, with several decades of dermal, scalp and cosmetic-research publications, and a reasonable foundation in connective-tissue biology
The rationale was that direct delivery to the joint would maximize local efficacy while minimizing systemic exposure
The specific amino acid sequence is Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, with a molecular weight of 1419 daltons
Ongoing investigations seek to fully characterize its effects and expand its applications in biomedical research