GHK-Cu also encourages the production of other key components of the skin matrix, including elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronic acid
Funding This work was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Capacity Building Grant and a UNSW Faculty of Medicine Research Grant
The tripeptide modulates over 4,000 human genes (31.2% of the genome) and plasma levels decline from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to less than half by age 60 (Pickart & Margolina, 2018)
The strongest human evidence is for topical dermatology and wound-related research, not systemic anti-aging or injectable peptide therapy 2, 3
10.12788/cutis.0131 5
however, the reported bioavailability values range from 10 to 98% 192,199,211