mild irritation or transient redness is the most commonly reported issue
High-dose B12, given through injections, may help ease these symptoms
It may worsen after eating or when lying down, as these positions can increase abdominal pressure
In vivo, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors alter expression of both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism genes in the absence of depletion of mitochondrial DNA
Zinc deficiency impairs the DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor Sp1, leading to reduced expression of essential cell cycle regulators, e.g., cyclins and CDKS, ultimately causing cell cycle arrest
Bae 2009), and helps preserve renal function in animal models of diabetic nephropathy (Feng 2013)