2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: Developed by the task force on the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Its derived from a protein found naturally in human gastric juice, which is a pretty powerful hint about its protective and regenerative nature
Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN
Vitamin B1, B2 and B12 help aid in the process of metabolizing carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body
Methylcobalamin may be better for those with impaired kidney function
For example, while luminal or vascular administration of butyrate during an isolated perfused colon study increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion 93 , only vascular administration of acetate induced GLP-1 and PYY secretion, with luminal acetate inducing only GLP-1 secretion 93