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CYP2C9 genetic variants affect drug metabolism, sideeffect risk, and interactions with supplements and other medications

This creates a challenging paradox for patients with ME/CFS and Long COVID: when mitochondria are damaged and ATP production drops, the cell lacks the energy required to synthesize new glutathione

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Oxidative stress can impair growth by destroying cellular components, but antioxidant genes like CAT and GPx can mitigate this by lowering oxidative stress levels

In the study, researchers added a small dose of copper to animal ALS models receiving zinc and found that the copper prevented early death associated with high doses of zinc (Ermilova 2005)