The absence of sensitive and specific biomarkers complicates the diagnosis of IC/BPS, underscoring the imperative for reliable markers to enhance accuracy and differentiate IC/BPS from similar diseases
Several hypotheses are being explored: Neuroplasticity effects: Chronic activation of amylin pathways may strengthen neuronal networks that favor satiety over hunger
PloS one 6 , e23587 (2011)
Chemical peeling helps exfoliate the skin, while microcurrent encourages greater blood flow
They help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates more efficiently, reducing the likelihood of food sitting in the stomach and triggering reflux
Pharmacologic augmentation with engineered FGF21 analogues demonstrates robust reductions in hepatic fat, serum transaminases, and fibrosis biomarkers, along with improvements in triglyceride and adiponectin levels as well as liver histology