Even meat-eaters can experience deficiency due to poor absorption, which often relies on a stomach-produced protein called intrinsic factor
Certain populations face higher deficiency risk: vegetarians and vegans (B12 is primarily found in animal products), adults over 50 (decreased stomach acid reduces B12 absorption), individuals with digestive disorders like Crohn's disease or celiac disease, and those taking medications like metformin or proton pump inhibitors
They influence networks that include metabolism, inflammation, and neuroendocrine signaling
Inadequate B12 has been associated with degeneration of neurons and atrophy of your brains gray matter, which is critical for information processing
It certainly wont hurt, since vitamin B12 doesnt cause problems at higher blood levels the way some vitamins do
Administer subcutaneously into the abdominal area or the front of the thigh