GHK-Cu has well-documented roles in wound healing and skin remodeling, including collagen stimulation and antioxidant activity (Pickart & Margolina, Int J Mol Sci, 2018)
Here, it is combined with niacinamide, vitamin C and tranexamic acid to help fade hyperpigmentation and dark spots, as well as even out dull, uneven skin
Now, while glutathione is commonly used to lighten the skin, some users report experiencing glutathione skin darkening, which can happen due to individual skin responses
Long-term safety is uncertain
It acts as a chemoattractant, recruiting immune cells like macrophages and mast cells to the site of investigation
The study by ERMS of some thiol-bound forms of metals has allowed underscoring some remarkable differences in their unimolecular decomposition, which can in turn be related to the physico-chemical properties of the bound metal and to their chemical and biochemical behavior in solution [110]