Ozempic falls into a group of drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)
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Research has shown they exhibit overlapping but distinct activity profiles particularly in angiogenesis and hair follicle models
The temporal Association between attenuating incretin responses and WR in our cohort supports findings from Nosso et al
GLP1 General Function and Its Effect on HPG Axis GLP-1 is an incretin, which is a hormone produced by the small intestine cells in the distal ileum and colon in response to food intake, whose levels are low in T2DM patients ( Furthermore, GLP-1 seems to be implicated in the control of HPG function, as it modulates the activity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and gonadal development ( in-vitro experiments on neuronal cell line, a concentration-dependent increase in luteinizing hormone- realizing hormone (LH-RH) release associated with intracellular cAMP accumulation was observed, after GLP-1 analog injections, supporting an activity of GLP-1 on GnRH neurons ( Kiss-1 gene expression and increasing kisspeptin release ( In animal studies, as well, GLP-1 analog administration induced GnRH neuron release via modulation of nitric-oxide and endocannabinoid pathways that regulate the GABAergic current in the postsynaptic GnRH neurons ( In addition, studies in adult healthy men however have demonstrated that an infusion of GLP-1 after oral glucose ingestion during an euglycemic clamp reduces the number of pulsatile testosterone (T) secretion with a trend towards a longer T pulse duration by a mechanism independent of LH release, without altering the mean reproductive hormone levels ( Lastly, protein expression of GLP-1R was found in human and mouse testis, while increased mRNA content was demonstrated in human testis as well as in Leydig and Sertoli cell lines of mice ( Therefore, all these data may support the involvement of GLP-1 on the HPG axis and its potential impact on the male gonadal function
Some proponents argue that yerba mate's effect on insulin sensitivity or glucose handling could indirectly benefit the GLP-1 system, but this mechanism is speculative
