These interactions are believed to contribute to the peptides relevance in studies of vascular repair and endothelial function
Free copper ions (unchelated) are pro-oxidativethey catalyse Fenton reactions that generate hydroxyl radicals, damaging other ingredients in the formulation and oxidising the remaining intact GHK-Cu molecules
The peptides anti-inflammatory properties help reduce swelling around irritated structures, decrease pain signaling, and create conditions more favorable for natural healing
References Appleyard CB and Wallace JL (1995)
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These peptides contain 4-6 amino acids with a -bend secondary structure under physiologic conditions