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TABLE 6 Adverse events during treatment period
Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate, increases alertness and energy but can also cause jitteriness, increased heart rate, and sleep disturbances
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.002 183 SmithK
The mechanism involves gene regulation in chondrocytes (cartilage cells) - Cartalax binds to specific DNA sequences in cartilage tissue, upregulating genes for cartilage matrix proteins (collagen type II, proteoglycans, aggrecan), downregulating inflammatory and degradative enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases), and optimizing the balance between cartilage formation and breakdown
IL-23 affects the differentiation of Th17 cells, which may produce IL-17, IL-22, TNF, and IFN effector cytokines