Glutathione (GSH) is the primary antioxidant defense molecule in the brain [12]
When GLP-1 binds to GLP-1R, it: Stimulates insulin secretion in the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels
Many patients notice improvements in sleep depth and morning recovery within the first week or two of consistent use
Sub-cellular biochemistry
Theoretically, BPC-157 shows faster onset (4-6 days in animal models vs 2-6 weeks for human SSRIs), multi-system modulation rather than single-target effects, actual neuronal repair and regeneration (neuroprotection), no withdrawal syndrome in animals, and efficacy when given peripherally without extensive blood-brain barrier crossing
On the cognitive side, brain fog, slower reaction time, difficulty concentrating, and headaches are common