In older people, there may not be sufficient stomach acid to start the breakdown process
Underlying health conditions: Some health conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders or liver disease, can affect B12 absorption and metabolism, potentially leading to shorter-lasting benefits from B12 injections
BioMed Research International , 2015, 648108.
Instead, it works by supporting tissue repair, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing in areas like muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Hoff G, Bernklev T, Johnsen L, Reitsma L, Sina D, Lauzike A, Gibbs C, Carlsen E, Lende TH, Narvestad JK, Kildahl R, Omdal R, Kvaly JT, Siland H
When you're trying to isolate a mechanism, you can't have confounding variables from contaminants