Abbreviations Akt: Protein kinase B CDKs: Cyclin-dependent kinases ERK: Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases IB: Inhibitor of NF-B IKK: IB kinase IGF: Insulin-like growth factor IL-1: Interleukin-1 IL-2: Interleukin-2 IL-6: Interleukin-6 JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases LPS: Lipopolysaccharides MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MREs: Metal-response elements MT: Metallothionein MTF-1: Metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa B NK cells: Natural killer cells PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species SOD: Superoxide dismutase Sp1: Specificity protein 1 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TRAF2: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 ZnT1: Zinc transporter 1 ZnT2: Zinc transporter 2 ZnT3: Zinc transporter 3 ZnT4: Zinc transporter 4 References Sun XR, Xu S, Liu TJ, Wu JW, Yang J, Gao XJ
(3) Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, Summers R, Conway-Campbell B, Waters MJ, Ng FM
For cash-paying patients, the price of a 2.5 mg dose vial is $299 per month, $399 per month for the 5 mg dose vial, and $449 for the 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, and 15 mg dose vials
New contributions in sterol metabolism
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to B12 injections vs oral supplements which is better
Long-term use may lower zinc levels your doctor can monitor this
