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Because SCFAs and other anaerobe-associated metabolites contribute to epithelial redox homeostasis, oxygen-driven community shifts may lower antioxidant buffering and thereby increase ferroptotic vulnerability during inflammation (118)

GHK-Cu is one of several copper-peptide complexes in the cosmetic ingredient literature, and its specific identity (tripeptide with the GHK sequence, copper(II) complex, the characteristic blue color and coordination geometry) distinguishes it within that broader cosmetic peptide family

For data that did not follow a normal distribution, non-parametric tests were applied

Furthermore, transforming growth factor- 1 (TGF1), released by macrophages, modulates the expression of SLC7A11 via the Smad pathway

doi: 10.1128/JVI.02199-08