glutathione glutamine and analogues that inhibit GGT. Shown are the Movement of glutamate, glutamine, cystine,

[42] reported that anthocyanin-rich Aronia melanocarpa ameliorates chronic alcohol-induced Nrf2 downregulation, reduces antioxidant enzyme levels, and inhibits hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in mice

The first step of the KP accounts for approximately 95% of whole-body TRP metabolism and gives rise to a series of neuromodulatory amino acids collectively known as kynurenines [20]

Yin J, Reiman EM, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MN, Nielsen M, et al

Aging 12, 628649

10.3892/mmr.2021.12273 212 WangR.YuanW.LiL.LuF.ZhangL.GongH.et al (2022a)

The role of mitochondria as a key target suggests a certain degree of interaction between cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment, providing valuable guidance for future research and warranting further exploration