Several small studies involving people with digital eye strain suggest that 612mg daily for about a month may improve focusing ability and reduce eye fatigue compared to placebo, though results vary across trials and endpoints.2 12 In the brain, preclinical studies show that astaxanthin can reduce oxidative stress in neurons and may help preserve mitochondrial function.27 A few human studies suggest possible cognitive benefits such as improved reaction time and memory scores but the sample sizes remain small, so researchers emphasize the need for larger, long-term trials before firm conclusions can be drawn.6 9 26 Cardiovascular and metabolic health Because oxidative stress and inflammation are key contributors to heart and metabolic diseases, researchers have explored whether astaxanthin can make a measurable difference
This may potentially be facilitated by the activation of adenylate cyclase, which might transform ATP to cAMP
The renal fibrosis genes Fn1, Serpine1, Tgfb1, and Col1a1 were downregulated, and the degree of fibrosis was milder
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J Trace Elem Med Biol 62:126653
Phase 2 Side-Effect Frequencies at 4.5 mg/week (Lancet 2021) Side Effect Nausea Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 47% Side Effect Injection-site reactions Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 43% Side Effect Constipation Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 21% Side Effect Fatigue Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 20% Side Effect Allergic reactions (any) Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 10% Side Effect Vomiting Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 8% Side Effect Loose stools Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 7% Side Effect Headache Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 7% Side Effect Indigestion Incidence at 4.5 mg/week 4% Incidence was lower at lower doses
