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As the activation of both JNK and caspase-3 contributed to TNF-induced cell death with NF-B inhibition, we examined the effects of HFD consumption on the hepatic activation status of JNK and caspase-3 cleavage

The findings are intriguing because they align with what weve seen in preclinical models and some human studies: GLP-1RAs appear to reduce neuroinflammation, improve insulin signaling in the brain, and potentially slow processes associated with cognitive decline, he noted

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[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 234.Thornalley P.J