Further evidence demonstrates that patients with diabetes mellitus display increased atrophy in the hippocampus and amygdala compared to non-diabetic individuals, an effect not explained by increased vascular morbidity [101]
Thus, this prompted the market growth
These medications work by mimicking incretin hormones, which enhance insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and significantly reduce appetite through delayed gastric emptying and central nervous system effects
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A commonly reported alteration is a decrease in Bifidobacterium, observed in both in vitro and in vivo models and further supported by a systematic review and meta-analysis [119, 120, 123, 124]
ADOPT Study Group