Secondly, we did not have access to hepatic tissues in subjects, and cannot definitely rule out that there may be some dietary influence on flavin monooxygenasedependent conversion of TMA to TMAO
This converts to cystathionine, cysteine, and finally to glutathione, the hepatocellular antioxidant and life-saving detoxification agent
Statements Author contributions AA: Project administration, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing original draft, Methodology, Visualization, Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Validation, Software, Funding acquisition, Writing review & editing
Glutathione is crucial for many processes in the human body, including immune system maintenance, tissue building and repair, and making proteins and chemicals needed in the body
At the end of the 52-day protocol, animals were euthanized unless they had already developed irreversible terminal HF, in which case early euthanasia was performed for humane reasons and proper tissue collection
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor blockers : Vitamin B12 needs stomach acid for proper absorption