The mechanism supports it terpene lactones inhibit platelet-activating factor and support peripheral blood flow but the strongest circulation test, intermittent claudication (leg pain from poor circulation), showed no statistically significant benefit vs placebo in a 2013 Cochrane review
10.1056/NEJMcp1113996 40 StablerS
Limiting sugars, refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and high-fat animal products is recommended, as they may raise TSH and worsen inflammation (Baygut And Beyhan 2024)
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First-line obesity treatments include lifestyle intervention (e.g., low-calorie diets) and behavioral modification therapies 4,5 since approved obesity medications have limited efficacy and commonly have side effects 6
How they work: The inserted hormones are released into your bloodstreama more direct release than with other forms of HRT