These include pro-angiogenic molecules: growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha transcription factor (HIF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor (TGF-), fibroblast growth factor, placental growth factor (PlGF), interleukins, as well as anti-angiogenic factors: angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondins 1 and 2 (Qiang et al
GHK-Cu for skin and hair Alcohol dehydrates the skin, increases inflammatory cytokines, and disrupts collagen synthesis
Macrolides are used off label and are associated with tachyphylaxis and variable duration of efficacy
This vaccine is being manufactured at the Duke Human Vaccine Institute for Phase-I testing in humans
It stimulates both collagen and elastin production, addressing the structural changes underlying most visible signs of aging: fine lines, wrinkles, loss of firmness, and skin thinning
Makeup can be worn after the procedure