Standard injectable semaglutide and tirzepatide are delivered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, which protects the peptide from gastrointestinal degradation
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The following table describes GLP-1 receptor agonists, their dosing frequency and key pharmacokinetic parameters: Cautions and Contraindications Adverse Effects Acute pancreatitis (rare) Injection site reactions Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea dehydration and possible renal impairment) Increase in pancreatic enzymes: lipase and amylase (dulaglutide, tirzepatide and semaglutide) Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis Delayed gastric emptying (semaglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide (diminishes over time)) Increased heart rate Diabetic retinopathy complications (semaglutide, particularly in insulin-treated patients with known diabetic retinopathy) Interactions GLP-1 receptor agonists do not interact via cytochrome P450 , but delayed gastric emptying may alter drug absorption
GLP-1R Agonist Liraglutide Activates Cytoprotective Pathways and Improves Outcomes After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice
How GLP-1 Works: GLP-1 is a natural gut hormone that helps you feel full and supports metabolism
April 29, 2026 Results from a new study* presented at the American Roentgen Ray Societys (ARRS) 2026 annual meeting