(2015), BioMed Research International 2015:648108, PubMed 26236730 Statistics from research literature Discovered by Loren Pickart in human blood plasma in 1973 , as a factor extending the longevity of cultured liver cells The smallest peptide with documented pharmacological activity: 3 amino acids (Gly-His-Lys) + one Cu ion Molecular weight: 402 Da EU cosmetic INCI name: Copper Tripeptide-1 (registered in EU Commission CosIng database) Gene expression modulation: 4 000 human genes (Connectivity Map dataset, Pickart 2015) Plasma level in healthy humans declines from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL at age 60 (62 % decrease) Most-studied bioactivities: fibroblast proliferation , type I/III collagen synthesis , antioxidant activity (SOD upregulation) Reference sources (PubMed) Pickart L., Vasquez-Soltero JM., Margolina A
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An historical overview of artificial intelligence for diagnosis of major depressive disorder
Additional Considerations: No special measures made in regard to pregnancy
A substance can qualify if it is used in an FDA-approved drug, has an applicable United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary monograph, or appears on FDAs list of bulk drug substances for which there is a clinical need
Researchers focused purely on fat loss , for example, might find weight loss peptides or GLP-1 agonists more directly aligned with their goals