Cao HY, Lian JN, Lin ZS, Zhu ZW, Wang H,Wang HY
This decline accelerates oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease risk [2]
A recent systematic review of oral probiotic interventions in metabolic disorders reported modest but consistent improvements in glycemic parameters, including fasting glucose and HbA1c, alongside signals of enhanced incretin activity, supporting a mechanistic link between probiotic supplementation and gut hormone regulation (109)
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& White, A
Cataplerosis Given that metabolic intermediates from various pathways can be added to the TCA cycle via the process of anaplerosis, it is important that these intermediates be effectively oxidized and/or disposed of so as to prevent their accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix